Kwanan baya, Hukumar Raya Kasa da Sake Gyara da kuma Ma’aikatar Masana’antu da Fasahar Sadarwa sun sanar da cewa, za su shirya wani bincike na “waiwaye” a duk fadin kasar game da rage karfin karfe da rage yawan danyen karfe da ake fitarwa a shekarar 2021. Tun da farko, Xiao Yaqing, Ministan Masana’antu da Fasahar Sadarwa, ta kuma ce a kusa da burin "dual carbon", ya zama dole a rage yawan fitar da danyen karfe. A tsawon shekaru biyar na rage karfin samarwa, masana'antar karfe na fuskantar sabbin canje-canje da kalubale.
Slimming na shekaru biyar "duba baya"
"Farawa daga 2016, zai dauki shekaru biyar kafin a rage karfin samar da danyen karfe da miliyan 100 zuwa tan miliyan 150." Wannan shine manufar aikin da aka gabatar a baya a cikin "Ra'ayoyin Majalisar Jiha game da Warware Matsanancin Karfi a Masana'antar Karfe da Karafa don Gano Ci gaban Matsaloli.
A ranar 1 ga Maris, Xiao Yaqing ya gabatar a taron manema labarai cewa, tun daga shekarar 2016, dabarun "cire abubuwa uku, raguwa daya da kari daya" ya samu ci gaba matuka wajen rage karfin samar da karafa, wanda tuni ya matse karfin samar da karafa miliyan 170. An fahimci cewa jimillar damar samar da danyen karfe wanda ya janye daga "kamfanonin aljanu" ya kai tan miliyan 64.74.
Don aiwatar da ingantaccen mataki na gaba na rage karfin, a 2021, sabon kasata na aiwatar da matakan maye gurbin karfin karfe da shigar da aikin karafa da sauran muhimman takardu don tabbatar da cewa karfin karfin samar da karafan ya ragu ne kawai .
Sarrafa maye gurbin rabo muhimmiyar hanya ce don cimma haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta na haramcin sabon ƙimar samarwa da daidaita tsarin. A cewar bayanai, tun lokacin da aka aiwatar da matakan aiwatarwa don maye gurbin karfin a masana'antar karafa da karafa a shekarar 2018, ya zuwa shekarar 2020, an janye tan miliyan 16.25 na samar da karafa, tare da hanyar fita daga tan miliyan 26.3, tare da duka rabo daga 1.15: 1.
Haɗawa da sake tsara abubuwa suna ci gaba a hankali. Shekaran da ya gabata, China Baowu a jere ya sake tsara Maanshan Iron da Karfe da Chongqing Iron da Karfe don fadada yankunanta. Jiangsu Xuzhou na shirin ingantawa da hade kanfanoni 18 da na karfe don samar da manyan katako 2 da masu hada karfe a cikin shekarar, da cimma ragin fiye da 30% a karfin samar da karfe a shekarar 2020.
An cimma burin da ya gabata na rage yawan wuce gona da iri. Wannan “sake dubawa” na wannan shekarar na rage karfin karfe, zai mayar da hankali ne kan binciken aiwatar da aikin lalata karfe da kuma gyara shi a dukkan yankuna da abin ya shafa tun shekara ta 2016. Babban mabuɗin shi ne warware iya ƙarfin ƙarfe samar da ƙarfe da kuma murƙushe “gundumomi”. Rufewa da janye kayan narkewar narkewa da ke cikin "Karfe".
Qin Yuan, masanin tattalin arziki, ya gaya wa wani mai rahoto daga Beijing Business Daily cewa a cikin aikin rage karfin samar da karafa a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, "karafan kasa" an share kuma an janye shi gaba daya daga kasuwa. Bugu da kari, an share wasu daga "kamfanonin karfe na zombie", kuma an sake farfado da wani bangare bayan hadewa. Ididdigar masana'antar ƙarfe na ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma kadarori da basussuka na manyan kamfanonin ƙarfe an inganta su kuma an gyara su.
Duk da bayyanannun sakamakon, Hukumar Raya Gyara da Gyara da kuma Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Sadarwa suma sun nuna a cikin labarai cewa har yanzu ba a warware wasu sabani masu zurfin gaske a masana'antar ba. A lokaci guda, tare da inganta fa'idodin masana'antar ƙarfe, wasu yankuna da kamfanoni suna da buƙatar yin ayyukan ƙarfe a makance, kuma ƙarfafa abubuwan da aka samu na rage ƙarfin aiki suna fuskantar sabbin ƙalubale. Manufar wannan aikin shine don jagorantar kamfanonin karafa su yi watsi da babbar hanyar ci gaba ta samun nasara ta yawa da kuma inganta ci gaban masana'antar karfe.
Game da sauran matsalolin, Qin Yuan ya yi nazarin cewa, tare da share kamfanonin da ke fama da talauci, ribar da dukkanin masana'antun ke samu tana inganta, kuma burin kamfanonin na kara samar da kayayyaki yana da karfi sosai. Kodayake yanayin haɗakarwa yana haɓaka, hakan kuma yana nufin cewa haɗin kai yana da wahala.
An fahimci cewa wannan aikin zai kuma hada da ginawa da kaddamar da ayyukan narkar da karafa, tare da aiwatar da gyara da kuma gyara matsalolin da aka samu a binciken da ya gabata. Kuma aikin rage fitar da danyen karfe a wannan shekara zai mayar da hankali ne kan rage danyen karfe da kamfanonin ke fitarwa da rashin ingancin muhalli, yawan amfani da makamashi, da kuma matakan kayan aikin kere kere na baya, ta yadda za a tabbatar da cewa danyen mai na kasa a shekarar 2021 zai ragu a shekara- a kan-shekara.
Productionara haɓaka yayin rage ƙarfin samarwa
Kodayake za a kara matse karfin sarrafa karfe, Lange Karfe ya yi hasashen cewa bukatar amfani da karafan kasa za ta ci gaba da bunkasa a shekarar 2021, kuma yawan danyen karfe na kasar Sin a duk shekara na iya kaiwa tan biliyan 1.1, adadin da ya karu da kusan 5% sama da na bara. Bayanai daga Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa sun kuma nuna cewa daga watan Janairu zuwa Fabrairu, karfen alade na cikin gida ya karu da kashi 6.4% a shekara, kuma danyen karafa ya karu da kashi 12.9% a shekara.
Duk da yake rage ƙarfin samarwa yayin haɓaka samarwa, da alama kamar "baƙon da'irar". Game da wannan, Xiao Yaqing ya ce, saurin murmurewar tattalin arziki, da dawo da aiki da samarwa, da kuma bukatar yin gine-gine a fannoni daban daban suna da matukar bukatar kayan danyen yawa da na taimako, gami da karafa. Bugu da kari, hakikanin amfani da karafan da ake amfani da shi har yanzu yana cikin ci gaba idan aka kwatanta shi da jimillar tattalin arzikin gaba daya, kuma har yanzu akwai sauran wurare masu yawa don ci gaba a cikin bukatar gini da kuma jigilar motoci.
A wata hira da wakilin jaridar daga Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Beijing, Cheng Yu, babban jami'in bincike na Cibiyar Fahimta, ya yi nazarin cewa an kammala rage karfin tare da fadada bukatar. Karkashin karfafa ci gaban masana'antu da masana'antar kera motoci, bukatar karafa tana da karfi har yanzu, wanda kuma ke haifar da kirkirar karafan karfe. Don haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin riba, ƙarancin samar da kayan da ba dole ba za a ɓata shi kafin lokaci.
Kuma a wannan shekarar, yin gyara ga gazawa da zuba jari a bangaren ababen more rayuwa shi ma zai zama muhimmiyar hanyar farawa don samun bunkasar tattalin arziki, kuma saka hannun jari a gidaje zai ci gaba da bunkasa, wanda kuma zai ba da damar amfani da karafan cikin gida na kasar Sin ya ci gaba da karfafa a shekarar 2021. Qin Yuan ya kuma yi imanin cewa farashin ƙarfe na yanzu yana tashi, kuma manufofin suna rage ragin harajin fitarwa da haɓaka shigo da kayayyaki don biyan buƙatun cikin gida.
Baya ga buƙatar kasuwa, ya kamata mu kuma ga wadatar kasuwa. Chen Kexin, babban manazarci na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arzikin Karfe, ya yi nazari a baya cewa, dalilin da ya sa ake sa ran fitowar wannan shekarar zai ci gaba da bunkasa shi ne sabon karin karfin karafan da aka samu a shekarun baya. A cikin 2021, wasu daga cikin waɗannan sabbin ayyukan ƙarfin za a samar da su ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma ana sa ran cewa har yanzu za a sami dubunnan miliyoyin tan. A lokaci guda, ƙimar amfani da ƙarfi yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, don haka faɗaɗa fitarwa ta wannan shekara yana da sabon sarari.
Sabbin kalubale a karkashin manufar "dual carbon"
Domin cimma burin "tsinkayen carbon" da "rashin daidaiton carbon", a karshen watan Disambar bara, Xiao Yaqing ya bayyana karara a Taron Masana'antu da Ba da Bayani na Kasa cewa yakamata a mayar da hankali kan burin cinikin carbon da rashin daidaiton carbon akan aiwatar da ayyukan ƙananan carbon da aikin injiniya na kore. A matsayinta na masana'antar da ke da karfin makamashi, dole ne masana'antar karfe su jajirce wajen rage fitar da danyen karafuna don tabbatar da raguwar danyen karafan a shekara.
A ganin Qin Yuan, matsin lamba kan masana'antar karafa a karkashin manufar "dual carbon" yana bukatar a duba shi daban: "Dangane da hawan carbon, matsawar ba za ta yi yawa ba. Tare da maye gurbin gajeren tsari zuwa dogon aiki, hakika zai taimaka. Rage fitowar carbon. A tsarin samar da karafa, har yanzu akwai wurare da yawa don rage hayakin da yake fitarwa, wanda hakan ya sa kamfanonin karafa da yawa suka sanya lokacin hawan karbon kafin 2030. ”
An ba da rahoton cewa "Kamfanin Masana'antun Karfe da Karfin Carbon Mataki na hasarfafa Carbon Carbon" sun kirkiro daftarin da aka gyara da inganta, kuma an fara ƙaddara ƙimar masana'antar da farko kamar: kafin 2025, masana'antar ƙarfe za ta cimma gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iskar carbon; nan da shekarar 2030, masana'antar karfe za ta samu hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. 30% ƙasa da ƙimar ƙima, an kiyasta za a rage ton miliyan 420 na watsi da hayaƙi.
Qin Yuan ya yi imanin cewa rashin daidaiton carbon zai ƙara matsin lamba ga masana'antar ƙarfe. “Haɗakar iskar carbon na dogon-lokaci mai ƙera ƙarfe abu ne da ba za a iya guje masa ba. Wannan yana buƙatar haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin aikin masana'antar ƙarfe. Amma saboda lokacin lokaci ya makara, hakanan ya dogara da masana'antar karafa a yayin cimma nasarar kololuwar carbon. Menene halin? " Qin Yuan ya shaida wa wani mai rahoto daga jaridar Beijing Business Daily.
A lokaci guda, ya kamata a lura cewa masana'antar ƙarfe yayin aiwatar da ƙarancin ƙarfin har yanzu tana da girma kuma tana cikin matsin lamba. A taron bunkasa karfe da karafa na kasar Sin a shekarar 2021 (na goma sha biyu) da aka gudanar kwanakin baya, Hu Wenrui, masanin kwalejin Injiniya ta kasar Sin, ya kuma jaddada cewa: “Masana’antar karfe da karafa ita ce masana’antar da ke fitar da hayaki mafi yawa a cikin 31 rukunin masana'antu, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi 15% na yawan hayakin da aka fitarwa. ”
An fahimci cewa kodayake hayaƙin carbon dioxide na ƙasata a kowace tan na ƙarfe yanzu yana raguwa, jimillar adadin har yanzu tana da girma. Xiao Yaqing ya fada a baya cewa, yawan kwal din da ake amfani da shi a duniya a halin yanzu a kowace tan na karfe ya kai kilogiram 575 na daidaitaccen kwal, idan aka kwatanta da China a kan kilogram 545. Saboda yawan Sin, har yanzu akwai damar da za a iya amfani da shi ta fuskar tanadin makamashi da rage fitarwa.
"Tsarin Masana'antar Karfin Masana'antu da Tsarin Aiki na Rarraba Carbon" ya bayyana karara cewa akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyar don cinma burin masana'antar karafan, kamar, inganta shimfidar kore, kiyaye makamashi da ingancin makamashi, inganta amfani da makamashi da tsarin tsari, da gini. sashin masana'antu na madauwari. Kuma amfani da fasaha mai ƙarancin carbon.
Cheng Yu ya ce, a karkashin bukatar "dual carbon", masana'antar karafa na bukatar sauya tsarin makamashi a koyaushe da ingancin makamashi, amma a lokaci guda, sauya tsarin makamashi kuma yana nufin sauya tsarin sarrafa karafa, wanda shi ne babban jari. Hakanan za'a iya kawar da yawancin damar samar da kayan da suka cancanci asali amma ba a rage darajar su da wuri ba, saboda haka ribar masana'antar karafa zata ci gaba da fuskantar ƙalubale.
Post lokaci: Mayu-13-2021